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pujosakti-n-c@fib.unair.ac.id
How to Cite
Cahyo, P. S. N., & Suryaningtyas, R. E. (2020). WOMAN AND TECHNOLOGY: A STUDY ON GENDER PORTRAYAL OF A FEMALE CYBORG IN GHOST IN THE SHELL (2017) MOVIE. Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature), 4(1), 26-39. https://doi.org/10.33019/lire.v4i1.65
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze gender portrayal in Ghost in the Shell (2017) movie by applying Donna Haraway’s concept of cyborgs as in her Cyborg Manifesto. Focusing on the analysis of narrative and non-narrative elements, this research seeks to reveal how the main character is portrayed as a female cyborg. As a result, the writers found that her shifting existence as a female cyborg in the movie is the representation of how women can be the subject by affiliating with technology. The assumption of women as the "object" of technology is no longer exist, and they are competent to have a career in technology. As a conclusion, this movie promotes the idea of women empowerment in technology by the affiliation of women and technology.
References
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BBC. (2017). How it Feels to Meet Sophia, a Machine With a Human Face. BBC Future. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20170906-how-it-feels-to-meet-sophia-a-machine-with-a-human-face
Bell, D. (2007). Cyberculture Theorists: Manuel Castells and Donna Haraway. New York: Routledge.
Bray, F. (2007). Gender and Technology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 36(1), 37-53.
Chaudhuri, S. (2006). Feminist Film Theorists: Laura Mulvey, Kaja Silverman, Teresa de Lauretis, Barbara Creed. Abingdon: Routledge.
Cooper, S. (2010). Questions Concerning Technoculture. Science as Culture, 19(2), 255-258. doi:10.1080/09505430903214435
Corrigan, T., & White, P. (2012). The Film Experience: The Introduction. Boston: Bedford/St.Martins.
Evans, C. L. (2016). Women of the Future: Gender, Technology, and Cyborgs in Frank Herbert's Dune. (Master), Université Laval, Quebec.
Fehrman, K. R., & Fehrman, C. (2004). Color: The Secret Influence (Second ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education.
Flynn, B. (1994). Woman/Machine Relationships: Investigating the Body within Cyberculture. Media Information Australia, 72(1), 11-19. doi:10.1177/1329878X9407200104
Gane, N. (2006). When We Have Never Been Human, What Is to Be Done?: Interview with Donna Haraway. Theory, Culture & Society, 23(7-8), 135–158. doi:10.1177/0263276406069228
Gavin, H., & Porter, T. (2015). Female Aggression. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.
Green, L. (2002). Technoculture: From Alphabet to Cybersex. New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
Haraway, D. J. (1991). Simians, Cyborg and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York: Routledge.
Holland, S. (2001). Descartes Goes to Hollywood: Mind, Body, and Gender in Contemporary Cyborg Cinema. In J. R. Johnston (Ed.), The American Body in Context: An Anthology (pp. 11-30).
IMDb. (2017). Ghost in the Shell (2017). Internet Movie Database. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1219827/?ref_=ttrel_rel_tt
Johnston, J. R. (2001). Cybernetic Bodies. In J. R. Johnston (Ed.), The American Body in Context: An Anthology (pp. 73-77). Delaware: Scholarly Resource.
Karremann, I. (2004). 'I'd Rather Be a Cyborg than a Goddess': Reading the Cyborg Poetics of Eavan Boland. Nordic Irish Studies, 3, 113-126.
Love, T. (2018). Robots Have a Diversity Problem. OneZero. Retrieved from https://medium.com/s/thenewnew/robots-the-new-identity-politics-4b36700630db?mbid=social_fb
Lueptow, L. B. (2013). Sex Stereotypes: An Underlying Dimensions. In S. Carreon, A. C. K. Borman, & P. J. Dubeck (Eds.), Women and Work: A Handbook. New York: Routledge.
Mamer, B. (2009). Film Production Technique: Creating the Accomplished Image. South Melbourne: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Screen, 16(3), 6-18. doi:10.1093/screen/16.3.6
Pongratz, G. (2003). Female Stereotypes as Reflected in English Advertising. (Master), University of Graz, Graz.
Schueller, M. J. (2005). Analogy and (White) Feminist Theory: Thinking Race and the Color of the Cyborg Body. Signs, 31(1), 63-92. doi:10.1086/431372
Silvio, C. (1999). Refiguring the Radical Cyborg in Mamoru Oshii's "Ghost in the Shell". Science Fiction Studies, 26(1), 54-72.
Thweatt-Bates, J. (2012). Cyborg Selves: A Theological Anthropology of the Posthuman. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
Toffoletti, K. (2007). Cyborgs and Barbie Dolls: Feminism, Popular Culture and the Posthuman Body. New York: I.B. Tauris.
Villarejo, A. (2007). Film Studies: The Basics. New York: Routledge.
Barker, C. (2004). The SAGE Dictionary of Cultural Studies. London: SAGE Publications.
Barlow, R. (2009). Women and Conflict. In R. Bechler (Ed.), 50.50: Women Writers, Politics and Voice (Vol. 5, pp. 16-19). London: openDemocracy.
BBC. (2017). How it Feels to Meet Sophia, a Machine With a Human Face. BBC Future. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20170906-how-it-feels-to-meet-sophia-a-machine-with-a-human-face
Bell, D. (2007). Cyberculture Theorists: Manuel Castells and Donna Haraway. New York: Routledge.
Bray, F. (2007). Gender and Technology. Annual Review of Anthropology, 36(1), 37-53.
Chaudhuri, S. (2006). Feminist Film Theorists: Laura Mulvey, Kaja Silverman, Teresa de Lauretis, Barbara Creed. Abingdon: Routledge.
Cooper, S. (2010). Questions Concerning Technoculture. Science as Culture, 19(2), 255-258. doi:10.1080/09505430903214435
Corrigan, T., & White, P. (2012). The Film Experience: The Introduction. Boston: Bedford/St.Martins.
Evans, C. L. (2016). Women of the Future: Gender, Technology, and Cyborgs in Frank Herbert's Dune. (Master), Université Laval, Quebec.
Fehrman, K. R., & Fehrman, C. (2004). Color: The Secret Influence (Second ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education.
Flynn, B. (1994). Woman/Machine Relationships: Investigating the Body within Cyberculture. Media Information Australia, 72(1), 11-19. doi:10.1177/1329878X9407200104
Gane, N. (2006). When We Have Never Been Human, What Is to Be Done?: Interview with Donna Haraway. Theory, Culture & Society, 23(7-8), 135–158. doi:10.1177/0263276406069228
Gavin, H., & Porter, T. (2015). Female Aggression. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.
Green, L. (2002). Technoculture: From Alphabet to Cybersex. New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
Haraway, D. J. (1991). Simians, Cyborg and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York: Routledge.
Holland, S. (2001). Descartes Goes to Hollywood: Mind, Body, and Gender in Contemporary Cyborg Cinema. In J. R. Johnston (Ed.), The American Body in Context: An Anthology (pp. 11-30).
IMDb. (2017). Ghost in the Shell (2017). Internet Movie Database. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1219827/?ref_=ttrel_rel_tt
Johnston, J. R. (2001). Cybernetic Bodies. In J. R. Johnston (Ed.), The American Body in Context: An Anthology (pp. 73-77). Delaware: Scholarly Resource.
Karremann, I. (2004). 'I'd Rather Be a Cyborg than a Goddess': Reading the Cyborg Poetics of Eavan Boland. Nordic Irish Studies, 3, 113-126.
Love, T. (2018). Robots Have a Diversity Problem. OneZero. Retrieved from https://medium.com/s/thenewnew/robots-the-new-identity-politics-4b36700630db?mbid=social_fb
Lueptow, L. B. (2013). Sex Stereotypes: An Underlying Dimensions. In S. Carreon, A. C. K. Borman, & P. J. Dubeck (Eds.), Women and Work: A Handbook. New York: Routledge.
Mamer, B. (2009). Film Production Technique: Creating the Accomplished Image. South Melbourne: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Mulvey, L. (1975). Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Screen, 16(3), 6-18. doi:10.1093/screen/16.3.6
Pongratz, G. (2003). Female Stereotypes as Reflected in English Advertising. (Master), University of Graz, Graz.
Schueller, M. J. (2005). Analogy and (White) Feminist Theory: Thinking Race and the Color of the Cyborg Body. Signs, 31(1), 63-92. doi:10.1086/431372
Silvio, C. (1999). Refiguring the Radical Cyborg in Mamoru Oshii's "Ghost in the Shell". Science Fiction Studies, 26(1), 54-72.
Thweatt-Bates, J. (2012). Cyborg Selves: A Theological Anthropology of the Posthuman. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.
Toffoletti, K. (2007). Cyborgs and Barbie Dolls: Feminism, Popular Culture and the Posthuman Body. New York: I.B. Tauris.
Villarejo, A. (2007). Film Studies: The Basics. New York: Routledge.
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