ID
salahuddin260198@gmail.com
Keywords
How to Cite
- Abstract 325
- pdf 296
Abstract
This study explores the phonological system in the Kempo subdialect (MSdK) and S>H Kolang subdialect (MSdS>H) in West Manggarai Regency. The study was conducted at nine survey sites by interviewing 200 vocabularies compiled by Swadesh. I analyzed the data by comparing the phonological systems between the two subdialects and formulating the possibilities of their occurrence in the word. The results show that the two subdialects have slightly different phonological systems. They have a different inventory of vowel phonemes: 15 consonant sounds in MSdK and 17 consonant sounds in MSdS>H. This study also found three non-pulmonic consonant phonemes in the two subdialects: bilabial /?/, Alveolar /?/, and Velar /?/. In the case of the two subdialects, the non-pulmonic consonant phonemes have unique characteristics: (1) appearing in the initial and middle positions of words, making it impossible for three pulmonic consonants (i.e., consonants /b/, /d/, and /g /) to appear in the initial position. The existence of the three consonant phonemes only appears when at the beginning of the word, it is preceded by another consonant forming a cluster and located on the first syllable (i.e., /mb/, /nd/, and /?g/). The two subdialects also have a relatively similar inventory of vocal phonemes: 6 vowel phonemes. Diphthongs are almost identical between the two subdialects, 7 diphthongs which only appear in mono-syllable words and are located at the end of words. In contrast, two additional diphthongs in MSdS>H appear in two-syllable words and the middle position of the word.
References
Arka, I. W., & Wouk, F. (2014). Voice-related constructions in the Austronesian languages of Flores. In the book “Argument Realizations and related constructions in Austronesian Languages” papers from 12-ICALEdition. Chapter 17. Publisher Asia-Pacific Linguistics.
Burger, P. A. (1946). Voorlopige Manggaraise Spraakkunst. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 103(1):15–265. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90001214
Campbell, L. (2013). Historical Linguistics (An Introduction) 3rd edition. Edinburgh University Press.
Chambers, J. K., & Trudgill, P. (2004). Dialectology (2nd Edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Duanmu, S. (2008). Syllable Structure (The Limit of Variation). Oxford University Press.
Eduard, Y., & Mirahayuni, NK. (2011). A Study on Manggarainese Consonant Phonemes. Parafrase Vol.11 No.02.
Feleke, T. L., Gooskens, C., & Rabanus, S. (2020). Mapping the Dimensions of Linguistic Distance: A Study on South Ethiosemitic Languages. Lingua 243:102893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2020.102893
Fernandez, I. Y. (1996). Relasi Historis Kekerabatan Bahasa Flores: Kajian Linguistik Historis Komparatif Terhadap Sembilan Bahasa di Flores. Jakarta Nusa Indah.
Fernandez, I. Y. (1989). Refleks Fonem-Fonem Proto Bahasa Flores Barat Pada Bahasa Paluqe dan Rembong, Dua Bahasa di Flores Barat dan Tengah (Laporan Penelitian). Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Gadjah Mada: Yogyakarta.
Fromkin, V. A., Curtiss, S., Hayes, B. P., Hyams, N., Keating, P. A., Koopman, H., Munro, P., Sportiche, D., Stabler, E. P., Steriade, D., Stowell, T., & Szabolcsi, A. 2000. Linguistics An (Introduction to Linguistic Theory). Blackwell Publishers.
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., & Hyams, N. M. (2003). An Introduction to Language. Thomson Corporation: Michigan University.
Gordon, M. K. (2016). Phonological Typology. Oxford University Press.
Hyman, L. M. 2014. Do all languages have word accentsʔ in Word Stress Theoretical and Typological Issues edited by Harry van der Hulst. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Karjo, C. H. (2021). Phonetic and Phonotactic Analysis of Manggarai Language. Makassar: Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Congress of Indonesian Linguistics Society (KIMLI 2021). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211226.018
Lauder, M. R. M. T. (2002). Reevaluasi Konsep Pemilah Bahasa dan Dialek untuk Bahasa Nusantara. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia 6(1):37. https://doi.org/10.7454/mssh.v6i1.31.
Lon, Y. S., Sutam, I., Widyawati, F., Rampung, B., Sennen, E., Tatul, S., Dudet, B., Alang, A., Jelamut, M., Sawan, F., & Dangku, Y. M. (2018). Kamus Bahasa Indonesia – Manggarai. Penerbit PT KaNISIUS: STKIP Santu Paulus Ruteng.
Maddieson, I. (2013). Consonant Inventories, in Dryer and Haspelmath. http://wals.info/chapter/2.
Maddieson, I. (2013). Vowel Quality Inventories, in Dryer and Haspelmath http://wals.info/chapter/3
Marsono. (2018). Fonetik. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Marsono. (2019). Fonologi Bahasa Indonesia, Jawa, dan Jawa Kuna. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Mustika, I. W. (2002). Fonologi Bahasa Manggarai Dialek Manggarai Tengah: Sebuah Kajian Transformasi Generatif. Denpasar: University of Udayana.
Petrus, I. (2015). Teori Optimalitas: Struktur Dasar Suku Kata Bahasa Indonesia. Linguistik Indonesia. Linguistik Indonesia. https://www.linguistik-indonesia.org/images/files/TeoriOptimalitas-StrukturDasarSukukata.pdf
Podesva, R. J., & Sharma, D. (2013). Research Methods in Linguistics. Cambridge University Press, New York
Semiun, A., & Jeladu, K. (2016). Verb Nominalization of Manggarai Language: The Case of Central Manggarai Dialect in West Flores Indonesia. International Journal of Language and Literature, June 2016, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 122-136. https://doi.org/10.15640/ijll.v4n1a13
Semiun, A. (2013). The Functions of Politeness Marker “IO” in Manggarai Language: Kempo Speech. Liceo Journal of Higher Education Research, Vol. 9 No. 1 December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/ljher.v9i1.411
Song, J. J. (2018). Linguistic Typology. Oxford University Press.
Verheijen, J. A. J. (1967). Kamus Manggarai: Indonesia-Manggarai. M. Nijhoff.