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annatambunan@unimed.ac.id
Keywords
How to Cite
Tambunan, A. R. S., Khairani Lubis, F., Setia Sari, W., Andayani, W., & Hilman Fikri, M. (2023). REPRESENTATION OF IRONY IN WHATSAPP GROUP CHAT. Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature), 7(1), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.33019/lire.v7i1.180
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Abstract
This article explores the representation of irony in WhatsApp Group chats, aiming to identify the types of irony and narrate the meaning of the irony used. A case study was geared under Perrine's (1966) and Leech's (1981) analysis of the type of irony. Moreover, the result disclosed that touches of sarcasm were the favorable choice of irony to express the participants’ feelings. Sarcasm was detected by using uppercase characters, exclamation marks, and teasing words. Hyperbole and understatement were the second participants’ favorite to use to exaggerate reality and make a dramatic situation. Furthermore, implementing irony in daily conversation with decent knowledge is significant to flourish and enrich their linguistic adequacy to avoid misunderstanding and know the appropriate situation manual students' exploitations of irony will.
References
Alba-Juez, Laura, Attardo, & Salvatore, (2014). The evaluative palette of verbal irony. In: Alba-
Juez, Laura, Geoffrey, Thompson (Eds.), Evaluation in Context. John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 93--116.
Anshari, M., Alas, Y., & Sulaiman, E. (2019). Smartphone addictions and nomophobia among youth. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 14(3), 242-247. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2019.1614709
Banasik-Jemielniak, N., Bosacki, S., Mitrowska, A., Walters, D. W., Wisiecka, K., Copeland, N. E., Wieland, L., Popovic, L., Piper, J., & Siemieniuk, A. (2020). "Wonderful! We've just missed the bus." – Parental use of irony and children's irony comprehension. PLoS ONE, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
Booth, W. (1974). A rhetoric of irony. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. (J. J. Gumperz, Ed.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Burgers, C., Konijn, E. A., Steen, G. J. (2016). Figurative Framing: Shaping Public Discourse Through Metaphor, Hyperbole, and Irony. Communication Theory, 26(4), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12096
Camp, E. (2011). Sarcasm, Pretense, and The Semantics/ Pragmatics Distinction. NOUS, 46(4) 1-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0068.2010.00822.x
Creswell, J. W. (2008). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. (3rd ed). London: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Donald, A., Jacobs, L. C., Razavieh, A., & Sorensen, C. (2010). Introduction to research in education. New York: Nelson Education, Ltd.
Dews, S., Kaplan J., & Winner E. (1995). Why not say it directly? The Social Functions of Irony, Discourse Process, 19(3), 347-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638539509544922
Gal, N. (2019). Ironic humor on social media as participatory boundary work. New Media & Society, 21(3), 729-749. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818805719
Gibbs, R. W. (1994). The poetics of mind: Figurative thought, language, and understanding. New York: Cambridge University Press
Gibbs, R. W. (2000). Irony in Talk Among Friends. Metaphor and Symbol, 15(2), 5-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2000.9678862
Glynn, S. M. & Winter, L. K. (2004). Contextual Teaching and Learning of Science in Elementary Schools. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 16(2), 51-63.
Grice, H.P. (1989). "Logic and conversation". In H.P. Grice (ed), Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Univ. Press.
Hendayanti, O., Haristiani, N., & Widianti, S. (2022). Violation of Politeness Maxims in Japanese and Indonesian Irony Utterances. In Sixth International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2022) (pp. 422-427). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-91-6_66
Hübler, A. (1983). Understatements and Hedges in English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kao, J. T., & Goodman, N. D. (2015). Let's talk (ironically) about the weather: Modeling verbal irony. In CogSci.
Khamdamovna, M. U. (2021). The use of Irony in Uzbek Poems as a Speech Decoration. CAJLPC, 2(11), 17-20.
Kowatch, K., Whalen, J. M., & Pexman, P. M. (2013). Irony Comprehension in Action: A New
Test of Processing for Verbal Irony. Routledge, 50(5), 301–315.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2013.799934
Kreuz, R. J., & Glucksberg, S. (1989). How to be sarcastic: The echoic reminder theory of verbal irony. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118(4), 374–386. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.118.4.374
Kreuz, R. (2020). Irony and sarcasm. MIT Press.
Kumon-Nakamura, S., Glucksberg, S., & Brown, M. (1995). How about another piece of pie: The allusional pretense theory of discourse irony. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.124.1.3
Kunneman, F., Liebrecht, C., Van Mulken, M., Van Den Bosch, A. (2014). Signaling Sarcasm: From Hyperbole to Hashtag. Information Processing and Management, 51(4), 500 – 5009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2014.07.006
Manipuspika, Y. S. (2014). Accomplishing Coherence in Talk Shows: A Comparison Between
English And Indonesian. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 3(2), 154-168
Mauchand, M., Vergis, N., & Pell, M. D. (2020). Irony, prosody, and social impressions of affective stance. Discourse Processes, 57(2), 141-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2019.1581588
Mavlonova, U. K., & Ruziyeva, D. S. (2020). The Use of Irony in Literature. Theoretical & Applied Science, (4), 362-364. 10.15863/TAS.2020.04.84.63
Muecke, D.C. (1969). The compass of irony. London: Methuen.
Ritschel, H., Aslan, I., Sedlbauer, D., & André, E. (2019). Irony man: augmenting a social robot with the ability to use irony in multimodal communication with humans.
Perrine, L. (1966). Story and Structure. Second Edition. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World
Satriani, E., Emilia, E., & Gunawan, M. H. (2012). Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach to Teaching Writing. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics,2(1), 10-22.
Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10, 209-231.
Vlastos, G. (1987). Socratic irony. The Classical Quarterly, 37(1), 79-96. https://www.jstor.org/stable/639346
Wilson, D., & Sperber, D. (1992). On verbal irony. Lingua, 87(1-2), 53-76.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(92)90025-E
Juez, Laura, Geoffrey, Thompson (Eds.), Evaluation in Context. John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 93--116.
Anshari, M., Alas, Y., & Sulaiman, E. (2019). Smartphone addictions and nomophobia among youth. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 14(3), 242-247. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2019.1614709
Banasik-Jemielniak, N., Bosacki, S., Mitrowska, A., Walters, D. W., Wisiecka, K., Copeland, N. E., Wieland, L., Popovic, L., Piper, J., & Siemieniuk, A. (2020). "Wonderful! We've just missed the bus." – Parental use of irony and children's irony comprehension. PLoS ONE, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
Booth, W. (1974). A rhetoric of irony. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. (J. J. Gumperz, Ed.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Burgers, C., Konijn, E. A., Steen, G. J. (2016). Figurative Framing: Shaping Public Discourse Through Metaphor, Hyperbole, and Irony. Communication Theory, 26(4), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12096
Camp, E. (2011). Sarcasm, Pretense, and The Semantics/ Pragmatics Distinction. NOUS, 46(4) 1-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0068.2010.00822.x
Creswell, J. W. (2008). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. (3rd ed). London: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Donald, A., Jacobs, L. C., Razavieh, A., & Sorensen, C. (2010). Introduction to research in education. New York: Nelson Education, Ltd.
Dews, S., Kaplan J., & Winner E. (1995). Why not say it directly? The Social Functions of Irony, Discourse Process, 19(3), 347-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638539509544922
Gal, N. (2019). Ironic humor on social media as participatory boundary work. New Media & Society, 21(3), 729-749. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818805719
Gibbs, R. W. (1994). The poetics of mind: Figurative thought, language, and understanding. New York: Cambridge University Press
Gibbs, R. W. (2000). Irony in Talk Among Friends. Metaphor and Symbol, 15(2), 5-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2000.9678862
Glynn, S. M. & Winter, L. K. (2004). Contextual Teaching and Learning of Science in Elementary Schools. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 16(2), 51-63.
Grice, H.P. (1989). "Logic and conversation". In H.P. Grice (ed), Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Univ. Press.
Hendayanti, O., Haristiani, N., & Widianti, S. (2022). Violation of Politeness Maxims in Japanese and Indonesian Irony Utterances. In Sixth International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2022) (pp. 422-427). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-91-6_66
Hübler, A. (1983). Understatements and Hedges in English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kao, J. T., & Goodman, N. D. (2015). Let's talk (ironically) about the weather: Modeling verbal irony. In CogSci.
Khamdamovna, M. U. (2021). The use of Irony in Uzbek Poems as a Speech Decoration. CAJLPC, 2(11), 17-20.
Kowatch, K., Whalen, J. M., & Pexman, P. M. (2013). Irony Comprehension in Action: A New
Test of Processing for Verbal Irony. Routledge, 50(5), 301–315.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2013.799934
Kreuz, R. J., & Glucksberg, S. (1989). How to be sarcastic: The echoic reminder theory of verbal irony. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118(4), 374–386. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.118.4.374
Kreuz, R. (2020). Irony and sarcasm. MIT Press.
Kumon-Nakamura, S., Glucksberg, S., & Brown, M. (1995). How about another piece of pie: The allusional pretense theory of discourse irony. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.124.1.3
Kunneman, F., Liebrecht, C., Van Mulken, M., Van Den Bosch, A. (2014). Signaling Sarcasm: From Hyperbole to Hashtag. Information Processing and Management, 51(4), 500 – 5009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2014.07.006
Manipuspika, Y. S. (2014). Accomplishing Coherence in Talk Shows: A Comparison Between
English And Indonesian. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 3(2), 154-168
Mauchand, M., Vergis, N., & Pell, M. D. (2020). Irony, prosody, and social impressions of affective stance. Discourse Processes, 57(2), 141-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2019.1581588
Mavlonova, U. K., & Ruziyeva, D. S. (2020). The Use of Irony in Literature. Theoretical & Applied Science, (4), 362-364. 10.15863/TAS.2020.04.84.63
Muecke, D.C. (1969). The compass of irony. London: Methuen.
Ritschel, H., Aslan, I., Sedlbauer, D., & André, E. (2019). Irony man: augmenting a social robot with the ability to use irony in multimodal communication with humans.
Perrine, L. (1966). Story and Structure. Second Edition. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World
Satriani, E., Emilia, E., & Gunawan, M. H. (2012). Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach to Teaching Writing. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics,2(1), 10-22.
Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10, 209-231.
Vlastos, G. (1987). Socratic irony. The Classical Quarterly, 37(1), 79-96. https://www.jstor.org/stable/639346
Wilson, D., & Sperber, D. (1992). On verbal irony. Lingua, 87(1-2), 53-76.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(92)90025-E
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